Exclusivepix Media Ltd

Show Navigation
  • View All Galleries
    • All Galleries
    • Search
    • Cart
    • Lightbox
    • Client Area
  • About
  • Contact
  • Portfolio
  • Sell Your Story
  • Work for Exclusivepix Media
  • info on Purchasing Images

Search Results

Refine Search
Match all words
Match any word
Prints
Personal Use
Royalty-Free
Rights-Managed
(leave unchecked to
search all images)
{ 2261 images found }

Loading ()...

  • Fascinating Color Portrait Photos of Women Railroad Workers During WWII<br />
<br />
World War II began when Hitler's army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. However, it wasn't until the day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, that the United States declared war on the Axis Powers.<br />
<br />
The railroads immediately were called upon to transport troops and equipment heading overseas. Soon the efforts increased to supporting war efforts on two fronts-- in Europe and in the Pacific.<br />
<br />
Prior to the 1940s, the few women employed by the railroads were either advertising models, or were responsible primarily for cleaning and clerical work. Thanks to the war, the number of female railroad employees rose rapidly. By 1945, some 116,000 women were working on railroads. A report that appeared on the 1943 pages of Click Magazine regarding the large number of American women who had stepped forward to see to it that the American railroads continued to deliver the goods during the Second World War:<br />
<br />
    "Nearly 100,000 women, from messengers aged 16 to seasoned railroaders of 55 to 65, are keeping America's wartime trains rolling. So well do they handle their jobs that the railroad companies, once opposed to hiring any women, are adding others as fast as they can get them..."<br />
<br />
In April 1943, Office of War Information photographer Jack Delano photographed the women of the Chicago & North Western Railroad roundhouse in Clinton, Iowa, as they kept the hulking engines cleaned, lubricated and ready to support the war effort.<br />
<br />
Photo shows: Mrs. Viola Sievers sprays an H-class locomotive with steam.<br />
©Library of Congress/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_Fascinating_WWII_Color_Portrai...jpg
  • Fascinating Color Portrait Photos of Women Railroad Workers During WWII<br />
<br />
World War II began when Hitler's army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. However, it wasn't until the day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, that the United States declared war on the Axis Powers.<br />
<br />
The railroads immediately were called upon to transport troops and equipment heading overseas. Soon the efforts increased to supporting war efforts on two fronts-- in Europe and in the Pacific.<br />
<br />
Prior to the 1940s, the few women employed by the railroads were either advertising models, or were responsible primarily for cleaning and clerical work. Thanks to the war, the number of female railroad employees rose rapidly. By 1945, some 116,000 women were working on railroads. A report that appeared on the 1943 pages of Click Magazine regarding the large number of American women who had stepped forward to see to it that the American railroads continued to deliver the goods during the Second World War:<br />
<br />
    "Nearly 100,000 women, from messengers aged 16 to seasoned railroaders of 55 to 65, are keeping America's wartime trains rolling. So well do they handle their jobs that the railroad companies, once opposed to hiring any women, are adding others as fast as they can get them..."<br />
<br />
In April 1943, Office of War Information photographer Jack Delano photographed the women of the Chicago & North Western Railroad roundhouse in Clinton, Iowa, as they kept the hulking engines cleaned, lubricated and ready to support the war effort.<br />
<br />
Photo shows: Mrs. Elibia Siematter on her lunch break.<br />
©Library of Congress/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_Fascinating_WWII_Color_Portrai...jpg
  • Fascinating Color Portrait Photos of Women Railroad Workers During WWII<br />
<br />
World War II began when Hitler's army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. However, it wasn't until the day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, that the United States declared war on the Axis Powers.<br />
<br />
The railroads immediately were called upon to transport troops and equipment heading overseas. Soon the efforts increased to supporting war efforts on two fronts-- in Europe and in the Pacific.<br />
<br />
Prior to the 1940s, the few women employed by the railroads were either advertising models, or were responsible primarily for cleaning and clerical work. Thanks to the war, the number of female railroad employees rose rapidly. By 1945, some 116,000 women were working on railroads. A report that appeared on the 1943 pages of Click Magazine regarding the large number of American women who had stepped forward to see to it that the American railroads continued to deliver the goods during the Second World War:<br />
<br />
    "Nearly 100,000 women, from messengers aged 16 to seasoned railroaders of 55 to 65, are keeping America's wartime trains rolling. So well do they handle their jobs that the railroad companies, once opposed to hiring any women, are adding others as fast as they can get them..."<br />
<br />
In April 1943, Office of War Information photographer Jack Delano photographed the women of the Chicago & North Western Railroad roundhouse in Clinton, Iowa, as they kept the hulking engines cleaned, lubricated and ready to support the war effort.<br />
<br />
Photo shows: Wipers clean an H-class locomotive.<br />
©Library of Congress/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_Fascinating_WWII_Color_Portrai...jpg
  • Fascinating Color Portrait Photos of Women Railroad Workers During WWII<br />
<br />
World War II began when Hitler's army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. However, it wasn't until the day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, that the United States declared war on the Axis Powers.<br />
<br />
The railroads immediately were called upon to transport troops and equipment heading overseas. Soon the efforts increased to supporting war efforts on two fronts-- in Europe and in the Pacific.<br />
<br />
Prior to the 1940s, the few women employed by the railroads were either advertising models, or were responsible primarily for cleaning and clerical work. Thanks to the war, the number of female railroad employees rose rapidly. By 1945, some 116,000 women were working on railroads. A report that appeared on the 1943 pages of Click Magazine regarding the large number of American women who had stepped forward to see to it that the American railroads continued to deliver the goods during the Second World War:<br />
<br />
    "Nearly 100,000 women, from messengers aged 16 to seasoned railroaders of 55 to 65, are keeping America's wartime trains rolling. So well do they handle their jobs that the railroad companies, once opposed to hiring any women, are adding others as fast as they can get them..."<br />
<br />
In April 1943, Office of War Information photographer Jack Delano photographed the women of the Chicago & North Western Railroad roundhouse in Clinton, Iowa, as they kept the hulking engines cleaned, lubricated and ready to support the war effort.<br />
<br />
Photo shows:Roundhouse workers on their lunch break.<br />
©Library of Congress/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_Fascinating_WWII_Color_Portrai...jpg
  • Fascinating Color Portrait Photos of Women Railroad Workers During WWII<br />
<br />
World War II began when Hitler's army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. However, it wasn't until the day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, that the United States declared war on the Axis Powers.<br />
<br />
The railroads immediately were called upon to transport troops and equipment heading overseas. Soon the efforts increased to supporting war efforts on two fronts-- in Europe and in the Pacific.<br />
<br />
Prior to the 1940s, the few women employed by the railroads were either advertising models, or were responsible primarily for cleaning and clerical work. Thanks to the war, the number of female railroad employees rose rapidly. By 1945, some 116,000 women were working on railroads. A report that appeared on the 1943 pages of Click Magazine regarding the large number of American women who had stepped forward to see to it that the American railroads continued to deliver the goods during the Second World War:<br />
<br />
    "Nearly 100,000 women, from messengers aged 16 to seasoned railroaders of 55 to 65, are keeping America's wartime trains rolling. So well do they handle their jobs that the railroad companies, once opposed to hiring any women, are adding others as fast as they can get them..."<br />
<br />
In April 1943, Office of War Information photographer Jack Delano photographed the women of the Chicago & North Western Railroad roundhouse in Clinton, Iowa, as they kept the hulking engines cleaned, lubricated and ready to support the war effort.<br />
<br />
Photo shows: Mrs. Thelma Cuvage sifts and cleans sand for use in locomotives.<br />
©Library of Congress/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_Fascinating_WWII_Color_Portrai...jpg
  • Fascinating Color Portrait Photos of Women Railroad Workers During WWII<br />
<br />
World War II began when Hitler's army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. However, it wasn't until the day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, that the United States declared war on the Axis Powers.<br />
<br />
The railroads immediately were called upon to transport troops and equipment heading overseas. Soon the efforts increased to supporting war efforts on two fronts-- in Europe and in the Pacific.<br />
<br />
Prior to the 1940s, the few women employed by the railroads were either advertising models, or were responsible primarily for cleaning and clerical work. Thanks to the war, the number of female railroad employees rose rapidly. By 1945, some 116,000 women were working on railroads. A report that appeared on the 1943 pages of Click Magazine regarding the large number of American women who had stepped forward to see to it that the American railroads continued to deliver the goods during the Second World War:<br />
<br />
    "Nearly 100,000 women, from messengers aged 16 to seasoned railroaders of 55 to 65, are keeping America's wartime trains rolling. So well do they handle their jobs that the railroad companies, once opposed to hiring any women, are adding others as fast as they can get them..."<br />
<br />
In April 1943, Office of War Information photographer Jack Delano photographed the women of the Chicago & North Western Railroad roundhouse in Clinton, Iowa, as they kept the hulking engines cleaned, lubricated and ready to support the war effort.<br />
<br />
Photo shows: Cloe Weaver, mother of four, a roundhouse helper training to operate the turntable.<br />
©Library of Congress/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_Fascinating_WWII_Color_Portrai...jpg
  • Fascinating Color Portrait Photos of Women Railroad Workers During WWII<br />
<br />
World War II began when Hitler's army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. However, it wasn't until the day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, that the United States declared war on the Axis Powers.<br />
<br />
The railroads immediately were called upon to transport troops and equipment heading overseas. Soon the efforts increased to supporting war efforts on two fronts-- in Europe and in the Pacific.<br />
<br />
Prior to the 1940s, the few women employed by the railroads were either advertising models, or were responsible primarily for cleaning and clerical work. Thanks to the war, the number of female railroad employees rose rapidly. By 1945, some 116,000 women were working on railroads. A report that appeared on the 1943 pages of Click Magazine regarding the large number of American women who had stepped forward to see to it that the American railroads continued to deliver the goods during the Second World War:<br />
<br />
    "Nearly 100,000 women, from messengers aged 16 to seasoned railroaders of 55 to 65, are keeping America's wartime trains rolling. So well do they handle their jobs that the railroad companies, once opposed to hiring any women, are adding others as fast as they can get them..."<br />
<br />
In April 1943, Office of War Information photographer Jack Delano photographed the women of the Chicago & North Western Railroad roundhouse in Clinton, Iowa, as they kept the hulking engines cleaned, lubricated and ready to support the war effort.<br />
<br />
Photo shows: Mrs. Irene Bracker, mother of two, a wiper at the roundhouse.<br />
©Library of Congress/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_Fascinating_WWII_Color_Portrai...jpg
  • Fascinating Color Portrait Photos of Women Railroad Workers During WWII<br />
<br />
World War II began when Hitler's army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. However, it wasn't until the day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, that the United States declared war on the Axis Powers.<br />
<br />
The railroads immediately were called upon to transport troops and equipment heading overseas. Soon the efforts increased to supporting war efforts on two fronts-- in Europe and in the Pacific.<br />
<br />
Prior to the 1940s, the few women employed by the railroads were either advertising models, or were responsible primarily for cleaning and clerical work. Thanks to the war, the number of female railroad employees rose rapidly. By 1945, some 116,000 women were working on railroads. A report that appeared on the 1943 pages of Click Magazine regarding the large number of American women who had stepped forward to see to it that the American railroads continued to deliver the goods during the Second World War:<br />
<br />
    "Nearly 100,000 women, from messengers aged 16 to seasoned railroaders of 55 to 65, are keeping America's wartime trains rolling. So well do they handle their jobs that the railroad companies, once opposed to hiring any women, are adding others as fast as they can get them..."<br />
<br />
In April 1943, Office of War Information photographer Jack Delano photographed the women of the Chicago & North Western Railroad roundhouse in Clinton, Iowa, as they kept the hulking engines cleaned, lubricated and ready to support the war effort.<br />
<br />
Photo shows: Mrs. Marcella Hart, mother of three, a wiper at the roundhouse.<br />
©Library of Congress/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_Fascinating_WWII_Color_Portrai...jpg
  • Fascinating Color Portrait Photos of Women Railroad Workers During WWII<br />
<br />
World War II began when Hitler's army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. However, it wasn't until the day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, that the United States declared war on the Axis Powers.<br />
<br />
The railroads immediately were called upon to transport troops and equipment heading overseas. Soon the efforts increased to supporting war efforts on two fronts-- in Europe and in the Pacific.<br />
<br />
Prior to the 1940s, the few women employed by the railroads were either advertising models, or were responsible primarily for cleaning and clerical work. Thanks to the war, the number of female railroad employees rose rapidly. By 1945, some 116,000 women were working on railroads. A report that appeared on the 1943 pages of Click Magazine regarding the large number of American women who had stepped forward to see to it that the American railroads continued to deliver the goods during the Second World War:<br />
<br />
    "Nearly 100,000 women, from messengers aged 16 to seasoned railroaders of 55 to 65, are keeping America's wartime trains rolling. So well do they handle their jobs that the railroad companies, once opposed to hiring any women, are adding others as fast as they can get them..."<br />
<br />
In April 1943, Office of War Information photographer Jack Delano photographed the women of the Chicago & North Western Railroad roundhouse in Clinton, Iowa, as they kept the hulking engines cleaned, lubricated and ready to support the war effort.<br />
<br />
Photo shows: Mrs. Marcella Hart and Mrs. Viola Sievers clean an H-class locomotive.<br />
©Library of Congress/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_Fascinating_WWII_Color_Portrai...jpg
  • Fascinating Color Portrait Photos of Women Railroad Workers During WWII<br />
<br />
World War II began when Hitler's army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. However, it wasn't until the day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, that the United States declared war on the Axis Powers.<br />
<br />
The railroads immediately were called upon to transport troops and equipment heading overseas. Soon the efforts increased to supporting war efforts on two fronts-- in Europe and in the Pacific.<br />
<br />
Prior to the 1940s, the few women employed by the railroads were either advertising models, or were responsible primarily for cleaning and clerical work. Thanks to the war, the number of female railroad employees rose rapidly. By 1945, some 116,000 women were working on railroads. A report that appeared on the 1943 pages of Click Magazine regarding the large number of American women who had stepped forward to see to it that the American railroads continued to deliver the goods during the Second World War:<br />
<br />
    "Nearly 100,000 women, from messengers aged 16 to seasoned railroaders of 55 to 65, are keeping America's wartime trains rolling. So well do they handle their jobs that the railroad companies, once opposed to hiring any women, are adding others as fast as they can get them..."<br />
<br />
In April 1943, Office of War Information photographer Jack Delano photographed the women of the Chicago & North Western Railroad roundhouse in Clinton, Iowa, as they kept the hulking engines cleaned, lubricated and ready to support the war effort.<br />
<br />
Photo shows: Mrs. Dorothy Lucke, a roundhouse wiper.<br />
©Library of Congress/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_Fascinating_WWII_Color_Portrai...jpg
  • Fascinating Color Portrait Photos of Women Railroad Workers During WWII<br />
<br />
World War II began when Hitler's army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. However, it wasn't until the day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, that the United States declared war on the Axis Powers.<br />
<br />
The railroads immediately were called upon to transport troops and equipment heading overseas. Soon the efforts increased to supporting war efforts on two fronts-- in Europe and in the Pacific.<br />
<br />
Prior to the 1940s, the few women employed by the railroads were either advertising models, or were responsible primarily for cleaning and clerical work. Thanks to the war, the number of female railroad employees rose rapidly. By 1945, some 116,000 women were working on railroads. A report that appeared on the 1943 pages of Click Magazine regarding the large number of American women who had stepped forward to see to it that the American railroads continued to deliver the goods during the Second World War:<br />
<br />
    "Nearly 100,000 women, from messengers aged 16 to seasoned railroaders of 55 to 65, are keeping America's wartime trains rolling. So well do they handle their jobs that the railroad companies, once opposed to hiring any women, are adding others as fast as they can get them..."<br />
<br />
In April 1943, Office of War Information photographer Jack Delano photographed the women of the Chicago & North Western Railroad roundhouse in Clinton, Iowa, as they kept the hulking engines cleaned, lubricated and ready to support the war effort.<br />
<br />
Photo shows: Wipers clean an H-class locomotive.<br />
©Library of Congress/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_Fascinating_WWII_Color_Portrai...jpg
  • Fascinating Color Portrait Photos of Women Railroad Workers During WWII<br />
<br />
World War II began when Hitler's army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. However, it wasn't until the day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, that the United States declared war on the Axis Powers.<br />
<br />
The railroads immediately were called upon to transport troops and equipment heading overseas. Soon the efforts increased to supporting war efforts on two fronts-- in Europe and in the Pacific.<br />
<br />
Prior to the 1940s, the few women employed by the railroads were either advertising models, or were responsible primarily for cleaning and clerical work. Thanks to the war, the number of female railroad employees rose rapidly. By 1945, some 116,000 women were working on railroads. A report that appeared on the 1943 pages of Click Magazine regarding the large number of American women who had stepped forward to see to it that the American railroads continued to deliver the goods during the Second World War:<br />
<br />
    "Nearly 100,000 women, from messengers aged 16 to seasoned railroaders of 55 to 65, are keeping America's wartime trains rolling. So well do they handle their jobs that the railroad companies, once opposed to hiring any women, are adding others as fast as they can get them..."<br />
<br />
In April 1943, Office of War Information photographer Jack Delano photographed the women of the Chicago & North Western Railroad roundhouse in Clinton, Iowa, as they kept the hulking engines cleaned, lubricated and ready to support the war effort.<br />
<br />
Photo shows: Mrs. Elibia Siematter, a sweeper at the roundhouse.<br />
©Library of Congress/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_Fascinating_WWII_Color_Portrai...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
*Young Hamar women coat their bodies with butter to lessen the effect of the whipping<br />
*Hamar woman uses her trumpet to encourage the "Maz" to whip her.<br />
*After whipping, Hamar women may insert thorns into their wounds or rub dirt into them - to create bigger and therfore more impressive scarification......<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Whipping of young women in Ethiopian Tribal ceremony<br />
<br />
To the south of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, lies the tribal animist area. It stretches from Addis all the way to Lake Turkana, formerly known during colonial times as Lake Rudolph, which borders Kenya.<br />
<br />
The italian historian Carlo Conti Rossini has described this part of Ethiopia to be a Museum of People’s as there are at least eight major tribal groups living here -  numbering around 200,000,<br />
who until recently were largely untouched by outside influences. But change is on the way, not least the impact of global phone technology  - and the development of the country’s mineral resources by the Chinese.<br />
<br />
The annual flooding of the Omo River has been the life-support for the tribal people of this region.  For centuries the powerful flow and huge rise and fall of the river have provided up to three harvests a year for the indigenous people’s staple crop - the highly nutritious SORGHUM<br />
<br />
But in 2006 President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia commissioned the construction of the tallest hydro-electric dam in Africa.  The project was never put to tender, the tribal groups never consulted,<br />
and conservation groups today believe that the dam will destroy an already fragile environment as well as the livelihoods of the tribes, which are closely linked to the river and its annual flood.<br />
<br />
One of the most spectacular ceremonies in the Lower Omo Valley is the UKULI BULA ceremony of the Hamar tribal group; it’s effectively a Rite-of-Passage from boy to manhood. And marriage.<br />
To reach manhood, Hamar boys must undergo two rituals: circumcision and a leap over the bulls. This determines whether the young Hamar male is ready to make the social jump from youth to adulthood. <br />
After a successful bull-jump - always naked - the Hamar boy, now a Maz - a mature member of the society - may get married.<br />
At every ceremony around two hundred members of the Hamar (also spelt Hamer) participate in this life-changing event. <br />
<br />
Hamar women ar
    ExPix_Whipping_of_young_women_in_Eth...jpg
  • Cara Delevingne @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year06.jpg
  • Cara Delevingne @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year04.jpg
  • Cara Delevingne @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year05.jpg
  • Cara Delevingne @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year07.jpg
  • Cara Delevingne @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year09.jpg
  • Cara Delevingne @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year10.jpg
  • Jenna Dewan-Tatum @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year11.jpg
  • Jenna Dewan-Tatum @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year12.jpg
  • Jenna Dewan-Tatum @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year15.jpg
  • Jenna Dewan-Tatum @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year17.jpg
  • Jenna Dewan-Tatum @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year13.jpg
  • Jenna Dewan-Tatum @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year14.jpg
  • Jenna Dewan-Tatum @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year16.jpg
  • Amber Heard @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year22.jpg
  • Amber Heard @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year18.jpg
  • Amber Heard @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year24.jpg
  • Amber Heard @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year26.jpg
  • Amber Heard @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year27.jpg
  • Amber Heard @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year28.jpg
  • Caitlyn Jenner @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year30.jpg
  • Caitlyn Jenner @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year31.jpg
  • Caitlyn Jenner @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year32.jpg
  • Caitlyn Jenner @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year33.jpg
  • Caitlyn Jenner @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year35.jpg
  • Gwen Stefani@ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year39.jpg
  • Gwen Stefani@ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year44.jpg
  • Cara Delevingne @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year01.jpg
  • Cara Delevingne @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year03.jpg
  • Cara Delevingne @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year02.jpg
  • Cara Delevingne @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year08.jpg
  • Amber Heard @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year19.jpg
  • Amber Heard @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year20.jpg
  • Amber Heard @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year21.jpg
  • Amber Heard @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year23.jpg
  • Amber Heard @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year25.jpg
  • Amber Heard @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year29.jpg
  • Caitlyn Jenner @ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year34.jpg
  • Gwen Stefani@ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year37.jpg
  • Gwen Stefani@ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year36.jpg
  • Gwen Stefani@ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year40.jpg
  • Gwen Stefani@ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year38.jpg
  • Gwen Stefani@ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year42.jpg
  • Gwen Stefani@ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year43.jpg
  • Gwen Stefani@ the 2016 Glamour Women of the Year awards held @ the NeueHouse.<br />
©Exclusivepix Media
    Expix_Glamour_Women_of_the_Year41.jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows: Advert for ‘Woman Power’ insurance (Eagle Star & British Dominions Insurance Company, Ltd.), The Landswoman, July 1918, No. 7, Vol. 1. ‘Woman-power throughout the British Empire stands out dominantly as the most wonderful feature of the War,’ the advert stated. It suggested that women did not ‘grasp the meaning of what the consequences of a serious illness or accident would be to her.’ Pre-war women’s labour was not considered worth insuring.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows: How Women are Filling the Gaps in the Ranks’; Women sheaving corn, Missenden, Buckinghamshire. The Sketch, 26 August 1914.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows Women working in t:he forests of Brent Tor, Devon. Illustrated War News, 8 August 1917.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows Women mole catchers on an estate in the Cotswolds, Illustrated War News, 10 April 1918.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows Beatrice Bennett and fellow Women’s Land Army trainees, Kent, 1917. (Private Papers of Miss B. Bennett - IWM<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows Women working in t:he forests of Brent Tor, Devon. Illustrated War News, 8 August 1917.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows: Initial advert for the Women’s Land Army, widely placed in the press in March 1917.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows: Advert for the Women’s Land Army, placed in the press in June and July 1917.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows: ‘Women’s War-Work on a Royal Farm’. Miss Hilda Hobson, Miss Marjorie Maxfield and Miss Phyllis Hobson, workers on the Sandringham estate. Illustrated War News, 8 November, 1916.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows: ‘Women’s War-Work on a Royal Farm’. Miss Hilda Hobson, Miss Marjorie Maxfield and Miss Phyllis Hobson, workers on the Sandringham estate. Illustrated War News, 8 November, 1916.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows: Photo Shows: Recruiting rally for the Women’s Land Army, Preston, June 1918.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows : Recruiting rally for the Women’s Land Army, Preston, June 1918<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows: ‘A farm wagon-load of women land- workers in Worcestershire are setting out to work’, Illustrated War News, 25 July 1917.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows: The “War-Brownies” at work on a farm’ (‘so nicknamed because of their earth- brown breeches and smocks’). Illustrated War News, 25 June 1916.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows: Women’s trip to observe French farm work. Birmingham Daily Gazette, 24 February 1916.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows: Clothing adverts from The Landswoman, September 1918, No. 9, Vol. 1. and October 1918, No. 10, Vol. 1.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows: Recruiting rally for the Women’s Land Army, Preston, June 1918.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows: Flax pullers, Crewkerne, Somerset, 1918.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
  • Holding the Home Front<br />
The Women’s Land Army in the First World War book by Pen and sward<br />
<br />
Within days of the start of the First World War there were calls for women to come to the fields, but it would be almost three years before the Women’s Land Army was established. In that time though, various private and public initiatives would be launched to pull women onto the land. The Women’s Land Army would be shaped as much by the successes and failures of these earlier enterprises as by the precise requirements of 1917. It was a process of evolution, not revolution, and agricultural policy had also evolved over the course of the first three years of the war. By the spring of 1917 farmers were being called upon to plough out, to push back the borders and extend the cultivated acreage back to the highs of the 1870s. Agriculture would thus need most labour just as it had least available. Britain’s food security had never looked most precarious than it did at the start of 1917.<br />
<br />
Photo Shows: Picturesque War-Work: The Lady Shepherd’, Illustrated War News, 5 July 1916.<br />
©Pen and sward/Exclusivepix Media
    ExPix_The_Womens_Land_Army_in_the_Fi...jpg
Next
  • Facebook
  • Twitter
x